| B/L |
| See
Bill of Lading |
|
| BC
Code |
| Safe
working practice code for solid bulk cargo. |
|
| BSI
Container Specification |
| British
Standards Institution Specification for freight containers. |
|
| Back
Haul |
| The
return movement of a means of transport which has provided a transport
service in one direction. |
|
| Back
Letter |
| Back
letters are drawn up in addition to a contract in order to lay down
rights and/or obligations between both contracting parties, which,
for some reason cannot be included in the original contract.
This
expression is sometimes used for letters of indemnity, which are
drawn up if the condition of the goods loaded gives rise to remarks
and, nevertheless, the shipper insists upon receiving clean Bills
of Lading. Letters of indemnity are only allowed in very exceptional
circumstances.
|
|
| Back
Order |
| A
customer order or commitment, which is unfilled due to insufficient
stock. |
|
| Back
Scheduling |
| A
method of obtaining a production schedule by working backwards from
the required due date in order to predict the latest start date
consistent with meeting that due date. |
|
| Backlog |
The
quantity of goods still to be delivered, received, produced, issued,
etc., for which the planned or agreed date has expired.
The total number of customer orders which have been received but
not yet been shipped. |
|
| Balespace |
| The
balespace of a vessel is the capacity of cargo spaces under deck
(including hatchways but excluding void spaces behind cargo battens
and beams) expressed in cubic meters or cubic feet. |
|
| Ballast |
| Materials
solely carried to improve the trim and the stability of the vessel.
In vessels usually water is carried as ballast in tanks, specially
designed for that purpose. |
|
| Bank
Guarantee |
| An
undertaking by a bank to be answerable for payment of a sum of money
in the event of non performance by the party on whose behalf the
guarantee is issued. |
|
| Banking
System |
| For
marine purposes the practice of always keeping more than one piece
of cargo on the quay or in the vessel ready for loading or discharging
in order to avoid delays and to obtain optimal use of the loading
gear. |
|
| Baplie |
| An
EDI message to convey the Bayplan on occupied and empty slots in
a certain vessel at a particular time. |
|
| Bar
Coding |
| A
method of encoding data for fast and accurate electronic readability.
Bar codes are a series of alternating bars and spaces printed or
stamped on products, labels, or other media, representing encoded
information which can be read by electronic readers, used to facilitate
timely and accurate input of data to a computer system. Bar codes
represent letters and/or numbers and special characters like +,
/, -, etc. |
|
| Bare
Boat Charter |
| A
charter whereby the charterer leases the bare ship and appoints
the master and crew himself. |
|
| Barge |
| Flat
bottomed inland cargo vessel for canals and rivers with or without
own propulsion for the purpose of transporting goods. |
|
| Bars |
| Special
devices mounted on container doors to provide a watertight locking. |
|
| Base |
| Home
depot of container or trailer. |
|
| Basic
Stock |
| Items
of an inventory intended for issue against demand during the re-supply
lead time. |
|
| Batch |
| A
collection of products or data which is treated as one entity with
respect to certain operations e.g. processing and production. |
|
| Batch
Lot |
| A
definite quantity of some product manufactured or produced under
conditions which are presumed uniform and for production control
purposes passing as a unit through the same series of operations. |
|
| Batch
Production |
| The
production process where products/components are produced in batches
and where each separate batch consists of a number of the same products/components. |
|
| Battens |
| Members
protruding from the inside walls of a vessel's hold or a (thermal)
container to keep away the cargo from the walls to provide an air
passage. They may be integral with the walls, fastened to the walls
or added during cargo handling. |
|
| Bay |
| A
vertical division of a vessel from stem to stern, used as a part
of the indication of a stowage place for containers. The numbers
run from stem to stern; odd numbers indicate a 20 foot position,
even numbers indicate a 40 foot position. |
|
| Bay
Plan |
| A
stowage plan which shows the locations of all the containers on
the vessel. |
|
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to top  |
| Beh?ertragwagen |
| Abbreviation:
B.T. Wagen |
| A
container wagon of the German Railways. |
|
| Benchmarking |
| The
measurement and comparison with a standard or others of efforts
and results in the business process for e.g. input, output, reliability,
quality and customer satisfaction.
Note:
For P&O Nedlloyd it is the comparative search for the best
practices (processes) that will lead to superior performance of
the company.
It
must be seen as a positive and pro-active process to make the
company's operations lean and improve quality and productivity.
|
|
| Bending-moment |
| Is
the result of vertical forces acting on a ship as a result of local
differences between weight and buoyancy.
The
total of these forces should be zero, otherwise change of draft
will occur.
At
sea the bending moment will change as a result of wave impact
which than periodically changes the buoyancy distribution.
Note:
The maximum allowed bending moment of a vessel is restricted by
the class bureau to certain limits, which are different under
port and sea conditions.
|
|
| Berne
Gauge |
| The
most restrictive loading gauge (standard measure) or the lowest
common denominator of loading gauges on the railways of continental
Europe. |
|
| Berth |
| A
location in a port where a vessel can be moored often indicated
by a code or name. |
|
| Best
Practice |
| The
provision to a client of examples and constructive consultation
for improved logistics processes in the delivery of goods and services. |
|
| Bilateral
Transport Agreement |
| Agreement
between two nations concerning their transport relations. |
|
| Bill
of Exchange |
| An
unconditional order in writing to pay a certain sum of money to
a named person. |
|
| Bill
of Health |
| The
Bill of Health is the certificate issued by local medical authorities
indicating the general health conditions in the port of departure
or in the ports of call. The Bill of Health must have been visaed
before departure by the Consul of the country of destination.
When
a vessel has free pratique, this means that the vessel has a clean
Bill of Health certifying that there is no question of contagious
disease and that all quarantine regulations have been complied
with, so that people may embark and disembark.
|
|
| Bill
of Lading |
| Abbreviation:
B/L, plural Bs/L |
| A
document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea.
The
document has the following functions:
- A
receipt for goods, signed by a duly authorised person on behalf
of the carriers.
- A
document of title to the goods described therein.
- Evidence
of the terms and conditions of carriage agreed upon between
the two parties.
At
the moment 3 different models are used:
- A
document for either Combined Transport or Port to Port shipments
depending whether the relevant spaces for place of receipt and/or
place of delivery are indicated on the face of the document.
- A
classic marine Bill of Lading in which the carrier is also responsible
for the part of the transport actually performed by himself.
- Sea
Waybill: A non-negotiable document, which can only be made out
to a named consignee. No surrender of the document by the consignee
is required.
|
| See
also: Service Bill
|
|
| Bill
of Lading Clause |
| A
particular article, stipulation or single proviso in a Bill of Lading.
A clause can be standard and can be pre-printed on the B/L. |
|
| Bill
of Material |
| A
list of all parts, sub-assemblies and raw materials that constitute
a particular assembly, showing the quantity of each required item. |
|
| Bimodal
Trailer |
| A
road semi-trailer with retractable running gear to allow mounting
on a pair of rail boogies.
A
trailer which is able to carry different types of standardised
unit loads, (e.g. a chassis which is appropriate for the carriage
of one FEU or two TEU's).
|
|
| Binnacle |
| Support
mounted on the bridge deck to hold the compass. |
|
| Block
Train |
| A
number of railway wagons (loaded with containers), departing from
a certain place and running straight to a place of destination,
without marshalling, transhipping or any coupling or de-coupling
of wagons. |
|
| Boat |
| A
small open decked craft carried on board ships for a specific purpose
e.g. lifeboat, workboat. |
|
| Boatman |
| Person
who attends to the mooring and unmooring of vessels. |
|
| Bollard |
| Post,
fixed to a quay or a vessel, for securing mooring ropes. |
|
| Bolster |
| See
Container Bolster |
|
| Bona
Fide |
| In
good faith; without dishonesty, fraud or deceit. |
|
| Bonded |
| The
storage of certain goods under charge of customs viz. customs seal
until the import duties are paid or until the goods are taken out
of the country.
Bonded
warehouse (place where goods can be placed under bond).
Bonded store (place on a vessel where goods are placed behind
seal until the time that the vessel leaves the port or country
again).
Bonded goods (dutiable goods upon which duties have not been paid
i.e. goods in transit or warehoused pending customs clearance).
|
|
| Booking |
| The
offering by a shipper of cargo for transport and the acceptance
of the offering by the carrier or his agent. |
|
| Booking
Reference Number |
| The
number assigned to a certain booking by the carrier or his agent. |
|
| Bordereau |
| Document
used in road transport, listing the cargo carried on a road vehicle,
often referring to appended copies of the road consignment note. |
|
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| Bottleneck |
| A
stage in a process which limits performance.
Note:
Generally this is interpreted as a facility, function, department
etc. that impedes performance, for example a warehouse or distribution
centre where goods arrive at a faster rate than they can be transported
or stored, thus causing stock-piling at improper moments or in
unwanted areas.
|
|
| Bottom
Fittings |
| Special
conical shaped devices inserted between a container and the permanent
floor on the deck of a vessel in order to avoid shifting of the
container during the voyage of this vessel. |
|
| Bottom
Lift |
| Handling
of containers with equipment attached to the four bottom corner
fittings (castings). |
|
| Bottomry |
| Money
borrowed against a ship, or its equipment, repaid with interest
upon the ship?s arrival at port, and forfeited should the ship sink |
|
| Bow-truster |
| Machine
located towards the forward end of a ship below the waterline, which
can produce a lateral trust mostly by means of a propeller. |
|
| Box |
| Colloquial
name for container (e.g. Box-club) |
|
| Box
Pallet |
| Pallet
with at least three fixed, removable or collapsible, vertical sides. |
|
| Branch
Warehouse |
| See
Distribution Centre |
|
| Break
Bulk |
To
commence discharge.
To strip unitised cargo. |
|
| Break
Bulk Cargo |
| General
cargo conventionally stowed as opposed to unitised, containerised
and Roll On-Roll Off cargo. |
|
| Break-even
Weight |
| The
weight at which it is cheaper to charge the lower rate for the next
higher weight-break multiplied by the minimum weight indicated,
than to charge the higher rate for the actual weight of the shipment. |
|
| Breakwater |
| A
structure on board a ship, fixed to an open deck forward intended
to deflect and disperse head seas shipped over the bow. |
|
| Broken
Stowage |
| The
cargo space which is unavoidably lost when stowing cargo. The percentage
of wasted space depends upon e.g. the kind of cargo, the packing
and the used spaces. |
|
| Broker |
| Person
who acts as an agent or intermediary in negotiating contracts. |
|
| Brussels
Tariff Nomenclature |
| The
old Customs Co-operation Council Nomenclature for the classification
of goods. Now replaced by the Harmonised System. |
|
| Buffer
Stock |
| A
quantity of goods or articles kept in store to safeguard against
unforeseen shortages or demands. |
|
| Bulk
Cargo |
| Unpacked
homogeneous cargo poured loose in a certain space of a vessel or
container e.g. oil and grain. |
|
| Bulk
Carrier |
| Single
deck vessel designed to carry homogeneous unpacked dry cargoes such
as grain, iron ore and coal. |
|
| Bulk
Container |
| A
container designed for the carriage of free-flowing dry cargoes,
which are loaded through hatchways in the roof of the container
and discharged through hatchways at one end of the container. |
|
| Bulkhead |
Upright
partition dividing compartments on board a vessel. The functions
of bulkheads are:
To increase the safety of a vessel by dividing it into compartments.
To separate the engine room from the cargo holds.
To increase the transverse strength of a vessel.
To reduce the risk of spreading fire to other compartments.
A vertically mounted board to provide front wall protection against
shifting cargo and commonly seen on platform trailers (road cargo).
A
partition in a container, providing a plenum chamber and/or air
passage for either return or supply air. It may be an integral
part of the appliance or a separate construction.
A
vertically mounted wall separating the fore respectively aft compartment
from the rest of the aircraft (air cargo).
|
|
| Bull
Rings |
| Rings
for lashing the cargo in containers. |
|
| Bulletin |
| Specialised
reports for specific activity related events. |
|
| Bunker |
| (Tank)
spaces on board a vessel to store fuel. |
|
| Bunker
Adjustment Factor |
| Abbreviation:
BAF |
| Adjustment
applied by P&O Nedlloyd or liner conferences to offset the effect
of fluctuations in the cost of bunkers. |
|
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to top |
| Bunkers |
| Quantity
of fuel on board a vessel. |
|
| Buoyancy |
| The
upward force extended by the vertical component of integrated pressure
acting on the hull below the waterline; usually calculated as being
equal to the weight of the water displaced by the hull. |
|
| Bureau
Veritas |
| French
classification society. |
|
| Business
Analyses |
| The
process of investigating and evaluating an organisation to clarify
processes and procedures. |
|
| Business
Data Repository (BDR) |
| The
accumulation of business data taken from a system to reuse this
data in other systems. |
|
| Business
Function |
| An
upper level business activity that is achieved via the performance
of component activities. Examples: Manufacturing, Shipping |
|
| Business
Logistics |
Logistics
within a business system.
The co-ordinating function of material management and physical distribution,
which executes the integral control of the goods flow. |
|
| Business
Process |
| A
business process is the action taken to respond to particular events,
convert inputs into outputs, and produce particular results. Business
processes are what the enterprise must do to conduct its business
successfully. |
|
| Business
Process Model |
| The
business process model provides a breakdown (process decomposition)
of all levels of business processes within the scope of a business
area. It also shows process dynamics, lower-level process interrelationships.
In Summary it includes all diagrams related to a process definition
that allows for understanding what the business process is doing
(and not how). |
|
| Business
Process Redesign (BPR) |
| The
process of redesigning business practice models including the exchange
of data and services amongst the stakeholders (i.e. finance, merchandising,
production, distribution) involved in the lifecycle of a client?s
product. |
|
| Business
Rule |
| A
Business Rule is a business condition under which data items are
created, related and maintained. |
|
| Buyer |
| Party
to which merchandise is sold. |
|
| Buyer's
Market |
| A
'buyer's market' is considered to exist when goods can easily be
secured and when the economic forces of business tend to cause goods
to be priced at the purchaser's estimate of value. In other words,
a state of trade favourable to the buyer, with relatively large
supply and low prices. |
